In [6713], if you uncheck the box in your user profile that says "Use the visual editor", there is apparently no way to upload files or other images on the Write/Edit Post screen.
Steps to reproduce: I am using Firefox 2.0 on Windows. I log in as administrative user in my test blog. Click on "Users", and edit my user profile. Uncheck the box saying "Use the visual editor when writing". Save profile. Click on "Write" to write a new post. There is no section on the screen that I can find that will allow me to upload files.
If I then go back to my profile and turn on the visual editor (which I normally do not use, because I prefer to write my own clean HTML), there is now an "Add media" section, even if I switch to the "code" editor tab.
ADDITIONAL DETAILS (from Ryan)
The problem is in the_editor(). media-buttons is defined within a user_can_richedit() conditional.