I've a customer who's having problems with mod_security and WordPress. This manifests itself in the new media uploader. Whilst there's a published workaround using .htaccess (see http://wordpress.org/support/topic/164999), their host won't allow them to bypass the global mod_security settings in this way.
There's a not-unpopular set of mod_security rules for securing WordPress that haven't been uploaded to cater for 2.5.1 (http://blogsecurity.net/wordpress/modsecurity-and-wordpress-defense-in-depth/).
I'm still looking to root out all the conflicts I can spot but in the first instance
SecFilter "insert[[:space:]]+into"
which is designed to protect against SQL injections, matches against the "Insert into Post" button and blocks the HTTP request (this appears to be a common rule outside of the WordPress specific paper referenced above).